# Torso T-1: reconstructing the .t1 backup format

> The Torso T-1 backup-format project maps the sequencer's .t1 bank data through controlled device backups and byte comparisons. Python codecs parse and rebuild banks, export patterns to MIDI and import MIDI as device-loadable backups; the author reports byte-exact sample rebuilds and successful hardware imports.

- Type: Case study
- Targets: Firmware
- Category: Independent reconstruction cases
- Relationship: Independent reconstruction project
- Sources reviewed: 2026-11-06
- Added to the catalog: 2026-11-09
- Original resource: <https://github.com/pizboese/t1-backup-file-format>
- Primary source: <https://github.com/pizboese/t1-backup-file-format/blob/ee8de38fd6afbabe55551544aabdd2fbf87eafb7/README.md>
- Catalog page: <https://awesomerea.org/resources/t1-backup-file-format-case/>
- Record JSON: <https://awesomerea.org/resources/t1-backup-file-format-case/record.json>
- Chinese version: [简体中文](https://awesomerea.org/zh/resources/t1-backup-file-format-case/index.md)

## Requirements & limits

- **Prerequisites:** Python 3; a T-1 device is needed to load generated backups onto hardware.
- **Prerequisites:** Keep a known-good device backup before importing generated banks.
- **Limits:** Timing and Delay tick units, MIDI scale mapping and some interior bytes remain unresolved.
- **License:** MIT License.

## Primary sources

1. <https://github.com/pizboese/t1-backup-file-format/blob/ee8de38fd6afbabe55551544aabdd2fbf87eafb7/README.md>
2. <https://github.com/pizboese/t1-backup-file-format/blob/ee8de38fd6afbabe55551544aabdd2fbf87eafb7/samples/12_random_reroll/README.md>
3. <https://github.com/pizboese/t1-backup-file-format/blob/ee8de38fd6afbabe55551544aabdd2fbf87eafb7/LICENSE>

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## About this entry

The description was reviewed against primary sources.
Original editorial content: MIT. Linked projects, papers and assets retain their own rights and licenses.