{
  "added_at": "2026-11-09",
  "category": "reconstruction-cases",
  "class": "hardware",
  "description_en": "LaiNES reconstructs NES console behavior in a cycle-level emulator. Its implementation models the 6502 CPU, PPU, audio hardware and common cartridge mappers, while technical notes describe timing the PPU at three steps per CPU cycle.",
  "description_zh": "LaiNES 通过逐周期模拟器重建 NES 主机行为。其实现涵盖 6502 CPU、PPU、音频硬件及常见卡带映射器；技术说明展示了每个 CPU 周期推进 PPU 三步的时序处理。",
  "entry_url": "https://awesomerea.org/resources/laines-nes-emulation-case/",
  "entry_url_zh": "https://awesomerea.org/zh/resources/laines-nes-emulation-case/",
  "evidence_url": "https://github.com/AndreaOrru/LaiNES/blob/1f3d126171104ec57e515641ea3b5291d383ebdf/README.md",
  "group": "cases",
  "id": "laines-nes-emulation-case",
  "json_url": "https://awesomerea.org/resources/laines-nes-emulation-case/record.json",
  "kind": "case-study",
  "markdown_url": "https://awesomerea.org/resources/laines-nes-emulation-case/index.md",
  "markdown_url_zh": "https://awesomerea.org/zh/resources/laines-nes-emulation-case/index.md",
  "name": "LaiNES: cycle-level NES hardware emulation",
  "name_zh": "LaiNES：NES 硬件逐周期模拟",
  "record_type": "resource",
  "relationship": "independent-reconstruction",
  "requirement_facets": [
    "prerequisites",
    "limits",
    "license"
  ],
  "requirements": [
    "Building requires SCons, a C++14 compiler, SDL2, SDL2-ttf and SDL2-image on a compatible Unix system.",
    "Mapper compatibility is limited to the listed implementations.",
    "Licensed under BSD-2-Clause."
  ],
  "requirements_zh": [
    "在兼容的 Unix 系统上构建需要 SCons、C++14 编译器、SDL2、SDL2-ttf 和 SDL2-image。",
    "卡带映射器兼容性限于文档列出的实现。",
    "采用 BSD-2-Clause 许可证。"
  ],
  "targets": [
    "firmware"
  ],
  "url": "https://github.com/AndreaOrru/LaiNES",
  "verification": "source-reviewed",
  "verified_at": "2026-11-06"
}